DEFINITION
Restricted flow of urine from the kidneys through the urinary tract to the external urethral orifice
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Excess resistance to urine flow through the urinary tract develops because of lesions affecting the excretory pathway, which cause increased pressure in the urinary space proximal to the obstruction and may cause abnormal distension of this space with urine. Ensuing pathophysiologic consequences depend on the site, degree, and duration of obstruction. Complete obstruction produces a pathophysiologic state equivalent to oliguric acute renal failure.
Perforation of the excretory pathway with extravasation of urine is functionally equivalent.
SYSTEMS AFFECTED
Renal/Urologic
Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Nervous, and Respiratory systems as uremia develops
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