OVERVIEW
An infectious disease caused by gram-positive, branching, pleomorphic, rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Actinomyces
A. viscosus—most commonly identified; survives in microaerophilic or anaerobic conditions
Rarely found as the single bacterial agent in a lesion; more commonly, it is a component of a polymicrobial infection.
There may be synergism between Actinomyces and other organisms.
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
Acidosis, Metabolic
Definition
Primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]; dogs, <18 mEq/L; cats, <16 mEq/L) with high hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]), low pH, and a compensatory decrease in carbon dioxide tension (Pco2)
Primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]; dogs, <18 mEq/L; cats, <16 mEq/L) with high hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]), low pH, and a compensatory decrease in carbon dioxide tension (Pco2)
Abscessation
DEFINITION
An abscess is a localized collection of purulent exudate contained within a cavity.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bacteria are often inoculated under the skin via a puncture wound; the wound surface then seals.
When bacteria and/or foreign objects persist in the tissue, purulent exudate forms and collects.
Accumulation of purulent exudate—if not quickly resorbed or discharged to an external surface, stimulates formation of a fibrous capsule; may eventually lead to abscess rupture
Prolonged delay of evacuation—formation of a fibrous abscess wall; to heal, the cavity must be filled with granulation tissue from which the causative agent may not be totally eliminated; may lead to chronic or intermittent discharge of exudate from a draining sinus tract
An abscess is a localized collection of purulent exudate contained within a cavity.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bacteria are often inoculated under the skin via a puncture wound; the wound surface then seals.
When bacteria and/or foreign objects persist in the tissue, purulent exudate forms and collects.
Accumulation of purulent exudate—if not quickly resorbed or discharged to an external surface, stimulates formation of a fibrous capsule; may eventually lead to abscess rupture
Prolonged delay of evacuation—formation of a fibrous abscess wall; to heal, the cavity must be filled with granulation tissue from which the causative agent may not be totally eliminated; may lead to chronic or intermittent discharge of exudate from a draining sinus tract
Abortion
DEFINITION
- Abortion—expulsion of one or more live or dead fetuses that cannot sustain extrauterine life
- Pregnancy loss—all pregnancy wastage, including embryonic death, reabsorption of early fetal losses, mummification, abortion, and dystocia
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